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A center square, four half-square triangles, and four rectangles — a classic mid-19th century design with bold graphic impact
Also known as: Hole in the Barn Door · Monkey Wrench · Sherman's March · Double Wrench
The Churn Dash — also called Monkey Wrench, Hole in the Barn Door, or Sherman's March — is a bold graphic block that uses three fabric pieces to create a strong directional pinwheel surrounded by rectangular "handles." It's one of the most copied patterns in 19th-century American quilting.
| Fabric | Cut | For |
|---|---|---|
| Dark (the dash) | 2 squares at 4⅞″ | corner squarespairs make 2 HSTs each — trim units to 4½″ |
| Light (background) | 2 squares at 4⅞″ | corner squarespairs make 2 HSTs each — trim units to 4½″ |
| Dark (the dash) | 4 rectangles at 4½″ × 2½″ | rail rectangles |
| Light (background) | 4 rectangles at 4½″ × 2½″ | rail rectangles |
| Light (background) | 1 square at 4½″ | center square |
Four corner HSTs, four rail pairs (dark + light rectangle sewn long-edge to long-edge), light center. Assemble as a nine-patch.
The Churn Dash has more regional names than almost any other American quilt block — a testament to how widely it was made across different communities with different vocabularies. The "Churn Dash" name refers to the wooden cross-shaped tool used to agitate cream into butter; the "Monkey Wrench" name is one of several patterns said to have been used as signals on the Underground Railroad, though historians remain divided on how systematic that practice was.
The block was at its peak popularity in the mid-19th century, when its bold graphic quality suited the high-contrast indigo-and-white or double-pink quilts popular in that era. Civil War quilts frequently feature Churn Dash blocks — its clean geometry reproduced well in the limited palette of period fabrics, and its bold diagonal elements created dramatic secondary patterns when blocks were set side-by-side.
Unlike many traditional blocks, the Churn Dash has a contemporary following despite its age. Its graphic quality translates well to modern fabrics and minimal color palettes, and the block appears frequently in the work of modern quilters who appreciate its visual strength without excessive complexity.
For a 12" finished block: one 4½" center square, four HST pairs (each 4⅞" × 4⅞" — cut at finished size + ⅞" = 4⅞"), and four rectangles in each of two fabrics (each 2½" × 4½"). You'll use three fabrics: background, accent, and possibly a third for the center.
Pair your two 4⅞" squares (background + accent) right-sides-together. Draw diagonal, sew ¼" on each side, cut, press toward dark. Trim to 4½" square (4" finished). Repeat for all four HST pairs.
Sew a background rectangle to an accent rectangle along the long edge. Press toward the darker fabric. Make four of these two-rectangle units.
Place the center square in the middle. Place HSTs in the four corners — rotated so the diagonal creates a spinning motion. Place the rectangle units on the four sides — each one with the accent fabric toward the center. The rectangle "handles" should frame the center square.
Sew three rows of three units each. Press row seams outward from center. Join rows, nesting seams at intersections.
The Churn Dash is at its best with strong contrast between the background and accent fabrics. Traditional versions use two colors only (typically indigo/white or red/cream). A third color in the center square adds a focal point. The block's graphic character is largely lost if the fabrics are close in value.
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Each element of the Churn Dash is made twice as complex — creating a larger, more intricate version of the same pattern.
A variation where the rectangle units are replaced by flying geese, creating an even more directional effect.
NiftyFifty quilters have been swapping blocks like this one since 1997. Browse our historical archive or join a new swap.
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